Climate Change Global Warming - 1197 Words

Climate change is caused due to the release of few carbon compounds into the atmosphere, which drastically brought the weather changes all over the world. Climate change is not confined to a single region. It has become an important issue all over the world for the past few years. Reasons of global climatic change ïÆ'Ëœ Global warming is one of the major reasons in marine pollution. For an instance in year 2010 there was an oil leakage near Mumbai in Arabian Sea. ïÆ'Ëœ Another reason is deforestation. ïÆ'Ëœ Automobiles release the un burnt carbon monoxide due to which ultraviolet rays got a way to enter into atmosphere. Consequences for the global climatic change ïÆ'Ëœ Hurricanes have become very frequent now-a-days, which causes heavy loss. ïÆ'Ëœ Glaciers has disappeared due to increase in global temperatures because of which the water level had drastically increased and its causing flood all over the world ïÆ'Ëœ Forest fire are occurring very frequently now a days, reasons for it are heavy increase in global warning and heavy increase in temperature. Conclusion Degradation of climate is increasing every year due to which the occurrence of natural calamities are growing. We need to save our nature, or else the nature will be disappeared and the natural resources will get depleted. There will be no non-renewable resources left. Climate change is one of the most discussed topics, all over the world as it has adverse effects on our atmosphere that it is causing huge disaster and loss for bothShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words   |  4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms â€Å"global warming†, â€Å"climate change† or â€Å"greenhouse effect† have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. It’s the world’s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon, known as â€Å"smog† became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere and

Mississippi History Indian Removal Act, 13th Amendment,...

Mississippi History has become the state its now because of many events, government actions, cultural changes, and writers. Indian Act Removal Act, 13th Amendment, and Reverend George Lee played a big impact Mississippi current status. The Removals of Indians increased the Europeans power and lessened the Indian population. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery. Reverend George Lee was shot down for urging blacks to vote. All these contributed to Mississippi History. The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. The act authorized him to negotiate with the Native Americans in the Southern Non- Native Americans supported the act heavily. Christian missionaries opposed this act was future†¦show more content†¦The 13th Amendment was later ratified on December 6, 1865. Prior to its ratification, slavery remained legal only in Delaware and Kentucky, everywhere else had been freed by state or the Emancipation Proclamation. Although it was ratified by the necessary three-quarters of the states within a year of its proposal, it most recent ratification occurred in1995 in Mississippi, which was the last of the thirty-six states in existence in 1865 to ratify it. Though the amendment formally abolished slavery throughout the United States, factors such as Black Codes, white supremacist violence, and selective enforcement of statutes continued to subject some black Americans to involuntary labor, particularly in the South. In contrast to the other Reconstruction Amendments, the Thirteenth Amendment was rarely cited in later case law, In 1904 George W. Lee was born on May 7, 1904.George W. Lee was an African American civil rights leader, minister, and Entrepreneur. He was a vice president of the Regional Council of Negro Leadership and

Smartphones Effect on Teenagers Free Essays

Josh Frint Lawrence ENG 1113 26 September 2012 Essay #1 Smartphones Impact on Todays students Today, smartphones are in the hands of almost every student. It has become so common that young children are starting to ask their parents for one. Although nobody can deny the ability to find and use information fast on a smartphone, many people feel students should not have one. We will write a custom essay sample on Smartphones Effect on Teenagers or any similar topic only for you Order Now These smartphones are effecting verbal communication, writing skills, as well as increasing laziness in our students. Verbal communication is increasingly becoming a problem in today’s society and it is because of smartphones. Our generation is known as the â€Å"texting generation†. These days, students talk to their friends using text messages or calling. This takes away our ability to talk to someone face to face. It affects college graduates not being confident enough to present themselves properly in an interview with a future employer. Texting interaction leaves out basic skills like, clear speaking, body language, eye contact with the person to whom they are speaking too, and the ability to listen and stay focused on what the person is saying. More and more these days students go to their phones or computers when needing to write an essay. Students search Google and various other search engines to help find the most up to date information, although the information is handy and very tempting, it is creating pure laziness in todays society. These smartphones contain encyclopedias, dictionaries and as we all know, the internet. There is no exerted effort into collecting this information, students are too lazy to read a book and quite frankly, some just don’t have time. Also, students are being distracted by cellphones. It is causing lack of focus and discipline. Often times students will sit down to study and all of the sudden hear their phone go off, and they’ll get self-indulged into the conversation and no longer continue to study. Students are becoming unable to concentrate on the task at hand would rather be using their phones to be texting friends, updating their Facebook statuses or even Re-Tweeting what their best friend ate for dinner. Writing skills are on the free fall, and it is all because of our students’ use of smartphones. Think about it, back in the day, society would take pride in being able to read and write, it was a hobby and many people did it for fun. Today, writing is frowned upon by any student. Our writing skills have vanished due to our lack of proper English usage. Students send text messages that would even confuse Shakespeare like â€Å"OMG† or â€Å"LOL†. Essays are now a problem for students because they lack the ability to think in depth. Through text messages we get straight to the point and do not have the meaningful, in depth conversation that people have face to face. Smartphones are here, and aren’t going anywhere. In fact, the technology will likely become more advanced and more easily accessible to our students, which is fine, as long as those advancements aren’t being abused by our students. Parents and schools play a vital role in fixing this problem, parents must show children the appropriate use of smartphones, and schools must continue to create ways to move around the path of technology. How to cite Smartphones Effect on Teenagers, Essay examples

Motherhood in Barbara Kingsolvers The Bean Trees Essay Example For Students

Motherhood in Barbara Kingsolvers The Bean Trees Essay Kingsolver Bean Trees EssaysMotherhood in The Bean Trees In the novel, The Bean Trees, by Barbara Kingsolver, we watch as Taylor grows a great deal. This young woman takes on a huge commitment of caring for a child that doesnt even belong to her. The friends that she acquired along the way help teach her about love and responsibility, and those friends become family to her and Turtle. Having no experience in motherhood, she muddles through the best she can, as all mothers do. Marietta was raised in a small town in Kentucky. When she became an adult, she decided she needed a change. She wanted a different name and a different place to call home. She got in her Volkswagon, started driving, and on this journey she changed her name to Taylor. A stranger gave her a three year old Indian child to take care of, who she names Turtle. The two finally settle down in Tucson, where they live with a single mom who is also from a small town in Kentucky. Taylor works for a woman who hides politic al refugees in her home, and Taylor becomes good friends with two of them. These two refugees act as Turtles parents and sign over custody to Taylor, so that Turtle could become her daughter legally. Taylor was very unsure about whether or not she would be a good mom, but in the end she realizes that Turtle belongs with her, and that Tucson is home. The first half of The Bean Trees was hard to stay interested in. Although the book had a lot of action, it could have been spread out more. It wasnt until the middle of the book that we found out what was medically wrong with Turtle, why she was so lethargic. Considering this child was such a major part of Taylors life, and would change her future completely, she was not talked about as much as she could have been. Its like half the time she forgot Turtle was there. Its funny how people dont give that much thought to what kids want, as long as theyre being quiet(280). I understand that Turtle was just dropped in Taylors lap, but I still think Turtle deserved to have more attention given to her than she did. I would have liked Turtle to have been the child that was taken from the refugees, the refugee woman showed her so much love. I couldnt have taken her from Esperanza. If she had asked I couldnt have said no(288). I think they would have loved her much more. What I liked about the story was how interesting the end was, I could not put it down. I had to find out if Taylor decided to keep the child. Taylors friendship with LouAnn was a nice addition to the story, they helped each other out in different ways. Taylor was a strong independent person, anyone who would leave their home town with no idea where they were going, and in a vehicle with no starter, is a pretty determined person. Although I admired Taylors character, Turtle was what kept me wanting to read more, wanting to know why she never moved or made a sound. After awhile I began to wonder if perhaps she was dead(27). I was glad when Taylor finally took her to the doctor, it was interesting following that part of the story . These are healed fractures, some of them compound(165). This child had been through a lot. Mattie, Taylors friend and boss that was secretly hiding refugees in her business, was an important part of the book. It tied in great with them being able to sign custody of Turtle to Taylor. This book had some good parts and some parts that dragged. I would not recommend it to many people. This book was directed more towards women, dealing a lot with motherhood. I compare it to watching a movie that you try to watch but fall asleep in the first 10 min., but if you actually make it past the beginning its worth watching. The second half of this book was what kept me from feeling that I wasted my time. I was glad to see Turtle starting to come out of her shell, she talked up a storm and wanted to play(300). Keeping someone wanting to read more is what makes a good book, Bean Trees did a good job of this in the second hal f. WORKS CITED Kingsolver, Barbara. The Bean Trees. New York: Harper Collins Publishers,1988. .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 , .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 .postImageUrl , .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 , .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0:hover , .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0:visited , .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0:active { border:0!important; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0:active , .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0 .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c748dcde65421b8fffdd7e323b2d4b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Process Structure And Function Process Organization In Computer Architecture Essay

Parent Essays (253 words) - Parenting, Feeling, Qualia, Childhood

Parent What does the word parent mean to you? The definition of this word is, one who begets, gives birth to, or nurtures and raises a child; a father or a mother. Yet, one interprets this word difrently depending on what life has had to offer us. Many people agree with the denotation of the word parent. ?To me parents are those who raised me?, states Ela Hernandez. Parents are people who guide you throughout life. It's someone who loves their child no matter what and takes care of them. Watching and nurturing one owns child is what a parent is. ?Because my parents are there since I was an infant I must say that I consider them my teachers on life? confesses AJ Vega. ?Parents are the people that I know are there for me no matter what I do. They are their for me through any situation, be it physically, mentally or spiritually?, says Carlos Hernandez. Despite the fact that the word parent is usually positive to all, part of the population feels extremely different. Some parents are overbearing, demanding, and contradicting. Many parents say that grades truly do not matter; yet, once report cards come along it's a different story. ?Parents are usually never satisfied with anything we do?, said Christina Cruz. In conclusion, different people have gone through different experience making their view the one word parent diversely unique. Some experiences are positive while others are negative making their knowledge and feelings towards the word resemble their experiences. English Essays

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Essay

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Essay DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Essay Grand Canyon University Twenty-Page Life Learning Assessment Essay Template Center for Learning & Advancement 3300 W. Camelback Road, Bldg. #35 Phoenix, Arizona, 85017 lifelonglearning@gcu.edu 602-639-8901 Name: Dianne Malrey GCU ID #: 0622458 Date of Submission: Essay Title: The Impact of Domestic Violence Credit Amount Requested 4 Credit Hours Email: Diannejake@hotmail.com Phone #: 412 969 6479 ************For University Use Only (Please leave blank)************** Pass/Fail?__________ Evaluator:________________________ Date:___________ First attempt/Second attempt:___________________ Evaluator Comments: The Impact of Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Awareness is a Measure of prevention, designed to reach that person that may not realize that there is a way out, that help does exist. But most of all it's an educational endeavor to empower and inform, allowing individuals to know that often times there is an existing pattern of attitudes, ideas & behaviors that can allow them to be warned regarding the person they are involved with has potentially life threatening issues:. Young women/teens mistake aggressive and abusive behaviors as serious displays of love. We are a society of people charged to protect and care for the innocent. We must be prepared to let those who harm women, children and the elderly know that society will no longer tolerate this type of behavior. (Jeffrey Dunmore, DV Specialist, Men in Transition, 2013). The Impact of Domestic Violence The Impact of Domestic Violence Violence is all too prevalent worldwide today. It seems every time you turn on the news someone, somewhere, and everywhere there are incidents of violence. Our schools are unsafe, the shopping malls are unsafe, home invasions, and even those romantic make out places, such as parks and â€Å"Lover’s Lane†, are no longer safe. Domestic Violence however, is a different kind of violence and is generally endured in silence. Women will deny being battered, for various reasons, children will become silent and live with pent up anger for most of their lives, and the elderly may be incapable of reporting the violence, perhaps based on their need for companionship. Even our immigrants remained silent for fear of deportation, despite the fact they may be in this country legally. (dcadv.org, 2008) Women, children and yes sometimes men fall victim to insidious violence. Domestic violence is insidious not because of the physical aspects it entails, such as the black eyes or br oken arms generally noticed, but because it is literally deadly. Violence in the home may also impact an individual psychologically, economically and emotionally. Many relationships base love on sex and financial security. Many women will not leave based on financial insecurity and self-esteem issues. The Bible clearly states what love is in 1 Corinthians 13:4-7,† Love is patient and kind; love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant or rude.† It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth. Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.† (EVS www.openbible.info/topics/domestic violence-_and-_abuse‎, 2001 by Crossway Bibles) Types of family violence experienced â€Å"Husbands, love your wives, and do not be bitter towards with them†. (Colossians 3:19). â€Å"Likewise, husbands, live with your wives in an understanding way, showing honor to the woman as the weaker vessel, since they are heirs with you of the grace of life, so that your prayers may not be hindered â€Å" .(1 Peter 3:7). www.openbible info New Living Translation (NTL) Domestic violence can manifest itself in many ways, much like addiction. Many believe addiction is about drugs, however addiction is an obsessive and compulsive disorder, that once a person starts they are unable to stop on their own free will. (N.A, Basic Test.1965). Domestic

Sickle Cell Transition Placement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sickle Cell Transition Placement - Essay Example According to Anon (2009) about 7 percent of patients often die due to the increase of liver iron, and other causes including strokes and infection are also considered causes of deaths among these patients. This essay will be a reflection of my sickle cell placement as a student nurse. This topic was chosen because I wanted to observe what sickle cell nurses do for patients in order to enhance my learning; moreover, I also believe that this learning associates well to my course. I also chose to observe what sickle cell nurses do for patients because I of the likelihood of encountering patients with sickle cell disease in the future. This essay shall first undertake a reflection on the transition activity; secondly, it will demonstrate a detailed knowledge of the transition activity, which in this case is sickle cell disease. This second part will also demonstrate the impact of the topic and the transition activity to my area of professional practice. This second portion shall also dis cuss the role of sickle cell nurses and shall then provide reasons why the activity was chosen. Thirdly, this essay will analyse how this transition activity has contributed to my own learning and skills development. Lastly, by focusing on this transition activity, this paper will also determine further areas for personal and professional development and how this might be taken forward through future research and further study as a registered nurse. In accordance with the requirements of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008), any personal confidential information regarding the patient/s and individuals involved in this placement shall not be disclosed. The Trust where I conducted my placement shall also be kept confidential. Body Reflection on the Transition Activity I had my transition placement on sickle cell disease, and initially during my placement, I had a discussion at the hospital with the patients and later visited them in their own homes. In general, the activities duri ng my placement were varied. I met with the multidisciplinary team regarding patients who suffered from sickle cell and how best to care for them. I also discussed the findings/results of the tests. I also observed how the sickle cell nurses administered care to the patients, addressing their needs physically, mentally, psychologically and emotionally. I also observed how nurses explained the disease to parents and their children, including the consequences of their illnesses as well as its risks/effects. I also observed how the nurses discussed with parents about the loss of their children, discussing with them the possible therapeutic options they can take as grieving parents. The transition activity initially provoked feelings of anxiety. However, in the process of learning, my anxiety soon vanished and I was able to transition gradually into the crucial duties of a sickle cell nurse. Duncan and DePew (2010) discuss that with more experience, the transition process among students of nursing can somehow be eased. In considering what I was able to get from this learning professionally, I was able to learn the qualities of the disease, including the specific role of the sickle cell nurse in ensuring efficient patient care. On a personal level, I was also able to get a specific feel for the nursing practice, including its

Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Russia - Essay Example The site is beloved by Russians and visitors around the world; hence, making it a valuable example of a cultural landscape (Moscow.Info). From the observations, the Cathedral Square represents a rich cultural history of the Russian Republic. It symbolizes the rule of Tsarist. It was constructed by Ivan the Great. Additionally, the area acts as a center of power, coronation, and an assembly for the nobles, as well as different ceremonial rituals. The Kremlin wall is a vast enclosure of the buildings contained within the Kremlin. The wall creates an impression of a small city. The Grand Kremlin Palace hosts cultural performances from the Kremlin Ballet. The buildings in the Moscow Kremlin link the country to its legendary past (Geographia). The towers and domes of the St. Basil Cathedral have an important cultural history. At first, eight domes were constructed, representing the eight attacks on Kazan. The different colors and shapes of the cathedral are unique and unmatched anywhere in the world; thus, making it a cultural heritage of the Russian people. The bronze statue commemorates Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin, who led a volunteer army against the Polish invasion in the 16th and 17th Century. From the above accounts, it is evident the St. Basil’s Cathedral is one of the cultural landscapes of Russia (Sacred-Destinations) The apartment blocks are unique; hence, they are part of the cultural landscape of the Russian Republic. The construction of these apartment blocks epitomizes the communal living advocated by the Soviet ideology (Obrazkova) The mosque is located in downtown St. Petersburg, and has a cultural and historical meaning to the Muslim community of Russia. The construction of the structure began in 1910; hence, the mosque has been in existence for more than 100 years (Admin). Cultural landscapes are of great importance to any country. They represent the identity of a people and the manner in which humankind co-existed in a given

Small-Business Opportunities with the Navy Assignment

Small-Business Opportunities with the Navy - Assignment Example By statute, the Navy is required to implement some basic small business programs. The government provides opportunities in acquisitions to small businesses including the chance to participate in subcontracts and prime contracts. The following are the steps for acquiring the contract The Company will aim to be satisfied as a small business. It is primarily because the government retains a certain percentage of its contracts for small business holders and vendors (Contractor reference guide, 2014). Our company will identify a need that is yet to be in the Navy. Through our observation, there is a niche in the floor refinishing sector. It is especially because our product is, and therefore we are the only ones who can provide this service (Contractor reference guide, 2014). The Company then sends procurement letter to the Navy small business specialist who will advise us on the contract acquisition process. We will also market our product to the small business advisor so as he or she can consider us in the contracting process. The company will lay out the services it offers and then offer a price for which it is willing to work. Smart pay is such a website and serves to as a link between over 350 federal agencies. All this agencies will locate vendors and business through this online service (Contractor reference guide, 2014). Electronic contracting services offer a platform on which vendors can acquire contracts. They are also necessary for business such as the Navy since advertisement of their contracts may be done on these online platforms. Smart pay services offer charge cards to agencies throughout the United States government through master contracts with major national banks such as JP Morgan and Citibank. The charge cards are for contracting services where businesses and vendors are paid through the relevant banks. The advantage of smart pay is that

Street prostitution and its effects in the society

Street prostitution and its effects in the society This report tends to focus on prostitution, it main objectives being the trade on street prostitution and its effects in the society. The main objectives of prostitution have been taken into consideration, step by step making the whole paper easy to understand. The research mainly focuses on women who are the main sources of prostitution compared to men. The research is not based on gender discrimination but rather statistics which show that the number of women prostitute in this case out numbers the number of men by a ratio of four to one. The fact that prostitution is not legalized I many continents and countries, factors which are of the same relation are highly penalized in some of this continents. Examples of such cases include communicating in such a manner that can be complied with prostitution. The whole factor about not legalizing prostitution is based on the out comes of prostitution. This research tends to interview different sectors and areas which have been involved by t he same case. The research is base on the controversial good reports bad reports statement, prostitution is legal, but I is illegal to practice it. This paper brings about different perspectives including factors which may bring about the whole idea of prostitution. The outcome of prostitution being the main objective of the paper, It tends to analyze the cons and pros of the whole of the out come of prostitution, if the pros outnumber the cons in this sector there are vast information which will be taken into consideration. Information on whether prostitution should be made legal in continents which are not practicing the act. The difference between the controversial statement of prostitution being legal and the acts being illegal has been analyzed, to give controversial results of the outcome. Overview of methodology Research is a frequent used word in academic writing. It means different things. Research is a process of searching that ideally, never ends. Research enabled gather information on and about the outcome of prostitution. It was an attempt to seek knowledge of what is on ground matters affecting the outcome of prostitution, the major outcomes being both negative and positive factors. Research will employ philosophical, ethnical approach to try and come up with different aspects which can be considered during the analysis of prostitution. Research helped formulating with the phenomenon to achieve new insights to active and applicable solutions. This included testing a hypothesis of a casual relationship between independent variables related to the topic in study It is further defined as comprising, defining and redefining problems. Later, Formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, organizing and formulating data. Deductions are made and reaching to conclusions and at least, carefully testing the conclusion to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. Research methodology characterized by the fact that it is deterministic. Fields and philosophical issues should be thoroughly researched to keep up to date with arising. It was generally seeking to accommodate all types of prostitutes in different countries. The elimination and exclusion of some individuals will be geared at being biased. Literature review Overview and summary on research design and major findings The main research strategy (design) was bas is based on Rajit (2005) Research structure. According to Rajit, reliable research is based on an eight step structure. Each step is a process in itself as described below. Formulating a research problem. This step involves literature review, formulation of a research problem, identification of variables and formulation of possible hypothesis. Conceptualizing of a research design: In this step, only two activities are involved. First is identifying a research design and second is selecting a study design for the research. Construction of an instrument for data collection: In this step, selection of a data collection method is done, then data is collected using attitudinal scales and last, a test to establish the validity of the data collection instrument is done. Sample selection: this is a brief step as it only involves the selection of a sample. Writing a research proposal: this is literary the most important step in the research process. Its success determines whether or not the research is to take place and how reliable its outcome is going to be. With reference to this research, it wouldnt be an overstatement to note that the research proposal was successful and that the outcome of the completed research is undoubtedly going to be a success. Data collection: This step marks the initial stage of the research process in the field. It simply involves collecting data as depicted by the name. Data analysis: During this second last step, data collected is processed and prepared for display and presentation. Report writing: This marks the end of the research. It compiles the research process in detail and provides conclusions of findings and recommendations. This structure as designed by Kumar in 2005 is the research methodology applied in this research. Quantitative reports are considered as results, of this methodology artifacts used in this case. Major outcomes The research involves major findings, this includes as to who is mostly involved in the whole prostitution sectors. The pros and cons of major findings have been brought into consideration in the whole area of findings. The questions which are brought about by the outcome of prostitution have been put in consideration. Some of the question which have been brought about as a means of the whole results process include, Is prostitution a victimless crime Is prostitution an outcome of free choice does prostitution take into consideration morality factors Does prostitution lead to human trafficking? The relationship between prostitution and violence HIV/AIDS prevention strategy Does prostitution lead to prevalence of rape? Does prostitution lead to a career opportunity The research further takes into consideration former prostitutes view point of the outcome of prostitution. The depicted questions tend to analyze the outcome of the whole project, Factor which affect the community based on their day to day activities, include facts which have been put into consideration in this research. The out come of the whole project can also be based on the governmental control factors and laws which have been put forward to make the whole issue, liable in major findings. What are the facts which the government uses in order to make the whole issues of prostitution against the rules of the country? The advantages which come about with prostitution have also been viewed in the conclusion of the whole research protocol. The major outcome of this project is based on the number of interviews which have been conducted; this was a way of making the whole research viable, and to statistically predict the major outcomes of different countries. Specific research area directly related to study According to a research conducted in the United Kingdom concerning the effects of prostitution, Doctor Johnson H, directed different artifacts as to why prostitution should be legalized, and at the same time why it should be considered as an illegal act. He stated that if prostitution was legalized it would follow different financial aspects. The aspects include the economy of different states in western countries improving. It was not only based that the economy of the given states would improve but the economy of the prostitutes as well. It was established that without the latest laws which force prostitutes to underground, the whole idea of prostitution would become an ideal factor and a professional as a whole. In the U.K the laws which have been passed forward to discriminate the whole idea of prostitution are said to be unconstitutional. The whole legitimate aspect of the whole ideal can be seen in the provision of different aspects which are utilized in the same case. The cons titution of the UK tends to legalize prostitution but the aspects which have been brought forward by the laws which govern the country tend to diminish the profession. The research tends to bring about the idea that if the act is certified, the government of the area is most probably going to increase its asset in matters involving economic know how strategies. According to the san Francisco task force on prostitution fund, the research on the amount of money that the government tends to use in order to diminish the whole act of prostitution, can be used in other sectors which are mainly based on the uplifting of the whole country. The San Francisco task power is a faction of researchers, there are main objective in san Francisco tends to come out with different aspects which are of great importance to the whole idea brought about by prostitution. The solution is tried to be based on the major laws which have been enacted in the state. Although the two never agree on the deals which are brought forward it is clear that they usually agree on two factors and this includes, factors which include legalizing of prostitution and main factors affecting the way in which funds used to stop prostitution can be put in to better use. According to the research brought forward it was stated that variety of analogies can be analyzed in the outcome of the whole outcome strategy. Robert Noce, an expert from Manitoba states that lawyers in different firms wants to see prostitution become a worth while business in which the tax payment inducted in the whole process are generated to be of great importance to the government. This m eans thus the business tends to make a positive strategy to the whole religion, and the fact that prostitutes tend to hind themselves underground when dealing with the whole perspective makes the state loose a large amount of money in the different states. The whole perspective of the research conducted in Canada tries to bring about the ideal and controversial idea in dating agency, the whole perspective is brought about to show the different strategies which prostitutes use to be in the market. The researcher remarkably states that naivety is detected in the way people tend to burry their heads assuming that nothing is going around them. The research also tries to prove that the highest bid exist in different established states are based on controversial idea and agency surrounding the governmental agency around. The paper concludes that the highest amount of money which is spent in prostitution, is the money used to fight against the idea. Billions of dollars are spent in the who le ideology in Canada each year trying to eradicate this project. This brings about the outcome of lose of funds from the government. The pros of the whole research project insist that if the outcome of legalization of prostitution includes getting enough money to increase the strategic manner in which the government investments in other projects. Terms and definitions Blinded study This involves terms which have been used in this research to make sure that the reader of the results does not misinterpret the whole ideology behind it. In this case of studies some of the common terms which have been used include government, law, constitution, and prostitutes. Government: this is a governing body within a specific country or organization. It tends to make decision for the whole country concerning natters which may affect the country in future. In the research the government has been used to main factors which it uses to make the whole ideology worth using. It has further been established that the factors which the government uses to rule a country are called laws. Laws: this is prevailing terms which limit a person in doing something under a given environment. Under different countries government passes laws in order to make sure that the act of prostitution is not practiced at all in the given areas. This brings about the concept of understanding between different parties in the whole religion factor. Constitution: involves a document which has been discussed by the government including the rights of specific individuals in the state. Every one hast specific right in a given country, this can be established as one factor that tends to bring people together in a specific country. Prostitution: this is the commercial exchange of money for sex, or other factors which may be described under the act. Different aspects can be evaluated when using this terms as different countries have their own meaning of who a prostitute may be. The term thus differs from one state to the other. An example include the explanation based on Arabia culture and western culture, they tend to give different meaning in the aspects provided. Critical evaluation The research strategy used in this thesis tries to describe the factors which can be evaluated in the factors of study. Through various decisive literature reviews, it describes how different prostitution factors are of great importance to the government. The outcome was greatly involved with factors which were well related to the vast economic factors brought forward in the economy directory. The evaluation conduction possibility showed that the pros outnumber the cons of the whole ideology of prostitution. The main factors which come up due to the same ideology strategy have been strategically narrowed down. Different laws have been narrowed down to explain the whole strategic idea. Research Question: Is conducting research on outcome of prostitution necessary? The necessity to do the research based on the current health implications of prostitution in the United States. Researchers have shown through practical and theoretical arguments about prostitution. The clear effects of prostitution to a country have been put in consideration. When a condition affects too many people at the same time and it hit them at the same time, the effects of prostitution can therefore be generated by the outcomes of the discussed perspectives which have been brought forward by the research factors. Further the research is based at making reliable recommendations for the future prostitution based on the outcome of the research. The research tends to find out the pros and cons of prostitution, which can be very helpful to future findings of the government. Research hypothesis: tomorrow allegation of prostitution are depended on research conducted today The findings of this research shall contribute to the laying of preventive measures/ which can be put against prostitution. The outcome of the whole research is also a factor which produces a debating factor among governing officials in order to know whether to lift different strategic laws. These laws can be lifted or tightened depending on the whole study. Further, the research tends to give specific recommendation to the government concerning the negative results of prostitution. Aim; the main aim of conducting this research is to identify the risk factors for prostitution in the American population. This is attained through: Conducting a literature review on prostitute in united states Proposing research Conducting research and Reporting Research findings Research design and execution This structure used in this research is designed by Kumar in 2005 is the research methodology applied in this research. It tends to take different perspectives into consideration. This include major evaluation of the results, the methods of research has been broken down to make sure that the whole aspect takes the major aspect considered in the order which the information has been conducted in the given research proposal segments. The methodology tends to take different information produced into consideration, thus no specific loose of data. Data is collected using different strategies and analyzing of the data takes different perspectives into consideration. Data collection methods The designs shown below are a plan of how the data in the population is going to be accessed or received. There are various means of data gathering that can be used in the following proposals, but due to saving resources, time and money. The proposals outline the most important aspects only that can be used for data collection The researcher used various methods in her course work to investigate the relationship between environments and prostitution implications. This includes the questionnaire method, interviews, library research and observation which are the four major methods used. A combination of this helped the researcher to come up with concrete and diverse information. 3.1.1 Questionnaires A questionnaire is a group or sequence of questions designed to elicit information upon a subject or sequence of subjects from an informant. Kenton defines a questionnaire as an instrument that consists of a set of questions to which the subject responds in writing. The questionnaire was administered to prostitutes in an open manner. This ensured that it attracts the most basic and true information on the prostitutes. This was similarly, administered though the media in programs aired in them. The researcher administered questionnaires on students because it was easier and faster to reach the teenagers and youth who are the most vulnerable persons in the act of prostitutions. The questionnaire was also taken to different clubs in the united states, this being the area that is mostly hit by the effect of prostitution. 3.1.2 Interview Schedule National Collaborating Centre for research defines an interview schedule as a conversation in which the researcher tries to get information from the interviewer. The method assumes that the respondents to be interviewed have the information required they can understand the question put to them and would be willing to give honest answers while they are face to face with the researcher. Interviews were quite useful for the interviewer because through creating a good rapport with the respondents, much more vital information was obtained. It was up to the interviewer to control the order in which the questions flowed basing on the prior given answers by the interviewer. The tools used were unstructured interviews to get views on peoples opinion on prostitution, like whether it should be done away with in the media, how it has influenced peoples lives and what should be done to stop prostitution in the street of the United States. 3.1.3 Observation Observation consists of a set of specific instruments including use of standardized observation forms and participant observer. Observing is not confined to seeing only but also hearing and analyzing. The researcher was able to interact with religious heads, media practitioners people and from different religion. By definition the researcher was able to get firsthand information for example on the negative effect of prostitution in the given population. Assessment of potential problems in data collection Data collection was based on different strategies including factors that may affect the possible outcome. However, to decrease the impact of the above limitations, this research has taken intensive planning measures and created regulative measures that should be taken into consideration when going through the report. Various aspects have been considered I this research, another limitation that was encountered while collecting data is hostility from different prostitutes. The idea limited the length of personnels who gave information on the data collected. Scope and limitation of your study First and foremost, any research is faced with a challenge of imperfection. However data collection, analysis and presentation may be accurate, there always exist measures of tendency in which deviations are expected to occur. This research is limited in such consideration. Second challenge is of bias rooting from misinterpretation of meanings of phrases. Third, the field research always has perverse conditions than those planned for; this could limit the research process in terms of resource availability. The whole strategic ideology of the whole planning perspective has been taken into consideration to make sure that this does not affect the outcome of the data. Ethical concerns and human subject protection issues Human Subject Protection Review Application and Approval For a just and fair research in this research, ethical and legal issues ought to be considered. The legal issues expected are in form of, collaborative partnerships with all stakeholders, social or clinical relevance, and scientific merit, fair selection of subjects, ffavourable risk-benefit assessment, informed consent, independent ethical review and respect for participants. On the other hand, ethical issues to be considered can be considered as outlined in the Principles for ethical research. These are: respect for persons through, autonomy (informed consent), privacy and cconfidentiality; beneficence to do well and protect from harm and lastly justice as in through fair distribution of benefits and burdens. Security of signed informed consent form Different forms were used in the interview to let the person under question. This is a way of assuring the person that his/ her information is secure with the researcher and it is not going to be used for any distractive means. This has to come up with a contract or a form which the two are to agree with each other. This comes with consequence of trying to convince the interview on signing the contract. A consent form should have assuring means of which the person being interviewed can use against the interviewer incase he uses the information, contrary to their agreement. Data collection Process and timeliness The research is basically planned on taking six months. Each of the months is presented with a specified task. Below is a breakdown of the tasks involved in each of the stipulated months. First Month: Direct tasks Presentation of research proposal for approval In this step, there shall be research proposal writing. The research proposal upon compilation shall then be presented to sponsors and other relevant authorities for approval and funding. There shall be the mild pre research done at this stage to ensure that the proposal is sufficiently equipped with necessary and relevant information towards wooing the sponsors and the approving bodies to support the research in ways possible. Second month: Gathering logistics and preparation of data collection tools. Upon the approval, the initial steps in the research process shall involve preparation for the practical work in the field. In this level, resources required for the success of the study shall be identified. They shall then be gathered together. In this stage as well, there shall be setting up of a site from which the research or study shall be run. There shall be further planning on the specific logistics to be carried out during the study. Third month: Collection of data from target population. This is the most important step in this study. It shall involve the previously discussed methods of data collection. The study first of all involves researchers setting out to the field to make first hand observations. Researchers are also herein obligated with a task to sample sources in the field and record first hand observations. This gives this study a primary sense of sources in research. On the other hand, this study is also subject to previous studies conducted successfully on subjects relevant to this case. This therefore gives this research paper a secondary research form. Therefore, in essence, it is not an overstatement to say that this study takes root in both primary and secondary sources of data. This choice is aimed at increasing the scope of sources and subsequently widening the information needed. With wider information, this study will be better positioned to draw more realistic conclusions and recommendations. The featured sources of data are as presented below. Fourth Month: Data verification and analysis. Since part of the data collected shall involve numbers and other measurements such as demographic and geographic, quantitative approach in research shall come in handy. The approach shall further come in handy in analysis of the quantitative data collected. Finally, presentation of this data in form of graphs, tables and charts shall also be guided and made easier by the quantitative approach in research. On the other hand, the choice of the qualitative approach in research is based on the fact that part of the research is based on opinion from individuals and therefore can only be qualitatively measured. This is inclusive of questions asked to respondents either as individuals or as representatives of institutions. Thus, the qualitative approach in research, analysis and presentation of such data shall herein come in handy. Fifth month: Complying of data and final report writing This is part of the final steps involved in the research writing exercise. In this stage, data collected and analyzed shall be compiled together. It shall be presented in report format both in soft and hard copy. Data presentation shall herein use academic writing formats, use of charts, tables and graphs. Sixth month: Policy Implications According to the information gained, the research will implement various methods in which can be used to either to present to the authority the outcomes thus giving their ideology in prostitution. He should also find various methods to gain access to local people through various non governmental organizations in order to help him through with the funds. Major problems There might be problems in the funding of the whole research system. Without funds from the given groups, this research will prove to be of little estimate, and it wont take place in the given perspective measures. This brings about the only main disadvantage which may cause the whole research not to take place. Analysis and interpretation Major findings and interpretations There were major cons and pros which were found involving prostitution. Different aspects and question provided different aspect in analyzing the data. Prostitution was found to be a victimless crime: it was found out that prostitution provides an arena where men, women, and children are open to different perspective of commercial enterprise business. When a prostitute is forced to be in a sex scene this can be said to be a form of insult. Other internship includes when a pimp order a prostitute to do sexual acts which are based on demands, this can be based as exploitation or rape. Different prostitutes gave their experiences on how they have been abused, raped by their pimps. This brings the first conclusion that prostitutes tends to have an outcome of rape and sexual abuse in the society. Prostitute and choice: according to the research carried out it showed that prostitution was as results of choice to be economically stability, this is by far the main reason as to why the whole aspect tends to happen. One of the outcomes of prostitution is children not going to schools for the prostitutes who dont know how to manage their money. The economic drainage of the whole process tends to be of reliance in the given information. Morality of prostitution: the whole idea of prostitution is wrong according to morals. Even though is has been stated to be oldest job strategy in the market. This has a negative impact in lack of moral conscience within a given population. This has its negative side as it can lead to death due to various aspects that have been showed in this case. Human trafficking: the idea of human trafficking is one of the outcomes of prostitution as a business for pimps. It has always been done in specific areas to children to make sure that business continues. Due to the whole ideology perspectives major issues have come to bring about the concepts which have been based on the controversial idea of prostitution. Thus prostitution is one of the major aspects which bring about human trafficking in the country. Prostitution and violence: this is one of the major outcomes of prostitutions in different areas. It does not matter if the act is legal or illegal, facts stand that the act tend to lead to homicide of women involved and death. Spread of HIV/AIDS: there is an increasing spread of the diseases due to prostitution. Facts stand that even if prostitutes are tested each and every week for the disease, there will a high risk of customers get the virus. According to medicine, the disease takes absolutely 12 weeks to be detected depending on the body of an individual. This has brought about perspectives which are of great importance to the spread of the disease. Prevalence of rape: rape is one of the cases which have been brought forward by the aspects which have been put in question. Prostitution helps in prevalence of rape, as it is its major aspects, leading to prevalence of the whole issue. Summary and Conclusion Evaluation of hypothesis and recommendation for future researchers Major means of trying to eradicate prostitution lie in the given perspectives. The negative outcomes of prostitution tend to outnumber the cons thus making the whole ideology bad to the society. Future plannings and laws involving prostitution can be based in this research as it proves the outcomes of the sector. Different measures have been argued in the research thus making it reliable for future researchers. Different policy decisions making protocols can also base their terminologies and ideas in this research. It is highly Recommended that future researcher take into consideration content analysis. The advantage of content analysis discussed above is that the factor of personal views and feeling towards a subject is catered for. Unlike majority other methods such as logical analysis which involves mathematical representation of issues, content analysis accommodates numerically immeasurable forces around the question of satiability prostitution profession.

Married To Be Alone? Essay -- essays research papers

Married To Be Alone? Although marriage is the symbol of two lives ¡Ã‚ ¦ union, in the real world many people experience it in the opposite way. Gloria Steinem says:  ¡Ã‚ §The surest way to be alone is to get married. ¡Ã‚ ¨ In  ¡Ã‚ §The Story of an Hour ¡Ã‚ ¨ by Kate Chopin, we can certainly realize how well the author describes the loneliness of a marriage. There is another short story that also reflects the same point of view in a relationship; it is William Faulkner ¡Ã‚ ¦s  ¡Ã‚ §A Rose for Emily. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Both works serve as strong evidence for Gloria Steinem ¡Ã‚ ¦s opinion. In  ¡Ã‚ §The Story of an Hour ¡Ã‚ ¨ Chopin implies an idea of that Mrs. Mallard lives as a prisoner. Maybe it is because she grew up in a society in which women used to be properties of men, she has not noticed that fact until she receives her husband ¡Ã‚ ¦s death news. Marriage did not really unify emotionally her life with her husband ¡Ã‚ ¦s. This can be seen in the lines,  ¡Ã‚ §And yet she had loved him  ¡V sometimes. Often she had not ¡Ã‚ ¨ (8). She lived with this man, saw him everyday, slept by his side every night, but she did not even love him. Is that a how a relationship between a couple supposed to be? All those years she spent with her husband were as alone as being a prisoner; isn ¡Ã‚ ¦t that sad? But everything is solved (she thought so), as Mr. Mallard is dead, at last she can be liberated from that prison,  ¡Ã‚ §Free! Body and soul free ¡Ã‚ ¨ (8). This is not a usual expression of a woman whose husband has just died; here we can understand how alon e she has bee...

Food And Drug Administration On Tobacco Essay

Due to the remarkable number of premature deaths caused by smoking during the period of 1995-1999[1], the government agencies of America, especially the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) made several attempts in regulating tobacco and tobacco products. Lots of laws have been made in order to solve this problem. There was an attempt in issuing additional tax on each stick of the cigarette. However, people who smoke ranging from ‘minor’ smokers to heavy smokers would still continue to buy cigarettes regardless of its price. Some rules recommended the limitation of people’s access to tobacco products, as well as restrictions on the marketing of these products to minors. Do there need to be changes in existing laws? Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act were introduced in 2007[2].   This Act though abundant of ‘good laws’ is not strong. Some amendments should be made on the laws involved. How should those changes be approached and effected? Lots of amendments have been made on the laws. Some attempts were on the regulation of tobacco products through disclosure, annual registration, inspection, record keeping, and user fee requirements. Others approaches involve (1)limiting product sales on licensed drugstores; (2)prohibiting product sales through face-to-face transactions in retail outlets; (3) establishing a minimum age greater than 18 years of age for product purchases; (4) warning label and advertising requirements. These attempts would be well effected through thorough and consistent public dissemination.[3] Is there an impact on other government agencies? Identify the agencies impacted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The impact of this change is not only on the government agencies. It would also affect other organizations such as in the world of business, advertisement, etc. The government agencies are the Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, National Institute of Health, Peace Corps and as well as The White House. How should it be resolved?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Agreements should be made among affected agencies in order to resolve the impact of regularizing the circulation of tobacco. Others should give sacrifices for the sake of the health of the majority.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The best suggestion to solve this conflict is to develop a product that would totally replace tobacco products or at least replace nicotine-free ingredients for cigarettes. References: Bonnie, Richard J., Kathleen R. Stratton, Robert B. Wallace. (2007). Ending the Tobacco   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation. Washington: The National Academy Press. Hickmann, Meredith A. (2003).The Food and Drug Administration (FDA). New York: Nova   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publishers. Kessler, David A. MD. (2000). A Question of Intent: A Great American Battle with a Deadly   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industry. Food and Drug Administration:Public Affairs. Redhead, Stephen and Jody Feder. (December 3, 2004). FDA Regulation of Tobacco   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Products: A Policy and Legal Analysis. Retrieved   from http://digital.library.unt.edu/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   govdocs/crs/permalink/meta-crs-8198:1 on 13 April 2008. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People. Washington: Diane Publishing ,[1997]. Taking Action to Reduce Tobacco Use. Washington: [1]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Andrew C. von Eschenbach, M.D., Statement on H.R. 1108, Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, (October 3, 2007),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.fda.gov/oc/oms/ofm/budget/2002/cj2002/HTML/Tobacco.htm, Accessed April 13, 2008. [2]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Richard J. Bonnie, Kathleen R. Stratton, Robert B. Wallace, Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation, Washington: The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National Academy Press, 126. [3]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C. Stephen Redhead and Jody Feder, â€Å"FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products: A Policy and Legal Analysis,† (December 3, 2004),   http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/permalink/meta-crs-8198:1, Accessed 13 April 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People (Washington: Diane Publishing ,[1997]), 278 – 282.

MTV Filming Style Precious

MTV Filming Style Precious Precious has a number of features that a peculiar to the MTV filming style. First, specific attention should be given to the dynamic movement of the camera and the accompanying sound tracks. Some of the scenes are deprived of fluid and smooth movements of the camera, as it is presented in the art film style.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on MTV Filming Style: Precious specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, the picture is more focused on motionless presentations of close-ups that are rapidly changed by dynamic scenes. Specific attention requires the scene when Precious takes an exam and when she attends the classes. The scene of fighting with another girl is represented by means of various camera movements from different angles. In contrast to art film style, it seems that no digital editing systems have been applied to the shooting process. In particular, the editor does not select sequences of shots to crea te a finished product. In contrast, the movie is presented as a set of randomly chosen cuts, which contribute to its dynamics. In the movie, there are also flash frames that interchange with still scenes. Specifically, at the very beginning, there is a scene that depicts the heroine sitting in her bedroom and looking through the old album and her mother dancing in another room in front of the TV set. Finally, the film movie style lack continuity, which is another feature of MTV movie style. Hence, the director does not introduce subsequent shots from various angles. There is a scene when each scene is accompanied by photos. This approach is used to emphasize the importance of the heroine’s memories about her family. It also allows the readers to combine reality with Precious’s illusionary representation of the world. Precious. Ex. Producer. Lee Daniels United States: Lionsgate, 2009. DVD.

The Case for Rand Paul for President in 2020

The Case for Rand Paul for President in 2020 Though Rand Pauls bid for the Presidency in 2016 ended after the Iowa Caucuses, he has an opportunity to rebound in 2020. Rand Paul is the libertarian-conservative son of former Texas congressman Ron Paul who retains great appeal as an outsider candidate, the type of candidate that has been successful in Republican primaries in recent years. In his 2010 run for the US Senate, Pauls primary opponent was a hand-picked ally of US Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell. Though his name helped him become a US Senator, Rand Paul would have to prove himself in the years that would follow. By 2016, Paul had even managed to become a strong ally of Mitch McConnell, proving that outsiders and insiders can work together. Seizing on an Opening In the first two years of his political career, Paul was not viewed as a major player in the political world. Fellow rising stars Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey and Senator Marco Rubio of Florida received most of the attention and press and played a larger role in Mitt Romneys presidential campaign. Christie was the early favorite of the more entrenched and moderate politicians and voters, while Rubio was well-liked by everyone, but a clear favorite of the Tea Party. And then something happened: Rand Paul filibustered a nominee to bring attention to the federal governments droning program. Pauls numbers shot up immediately, and he was now gaining an audience. His libertarian-leanings made him a natural spokesperson to promote abolishing the IRS during the tea party targeting scandal and as a privacy advocate during the NSA surveillance scandal. As the Obama administration agreed to intervene in worn-torn Syria - in which that intervention could possibly once again lead to arming terrorist-supporting forces - Pauls opposition was sound. In 2013, nearly every breaking story was starting to play perfectly into Pauls political realm as Rubios ill-advised enforcement-free immigration push led to a quick erosion of conservative support. A Libertarian-Conservative Platform A Rand Paul candidacy could possibly shake up the field like no other candidate outside of, say, Sarah Palin. Paul would likely be the most fierce advocate for federalism and limited government. His states right approach on issues ranging from gay marriage to marijuana legalization is one in which the grassroots of the Republican Party is rushing to following years of being let down by big government Republicanism. Paul would be less prone to agreeing to big government programs out of fear of being attacked by the media. He would also likely have the least interventionist foreign policy of all the candidates. Foreign policy is an area where the Republican party desperately needs to have an honest talk about the United States proper role. After 8 years of what is turning into one foreign policy disaster after the next, 2016 may be the perfect time to have that debate. Too often, Republicans seem too afraid to just say not to supporting interventionist policies. The debate is needed. While Paul leans very libertarian overall, he is not a socially-liberal libertarian. He is very pro-life and has stood up for life. If anyone can make the argument that you dont have to hold Christian beliefs to realize that a life is a life, Paul might be that guy. On Economic policy, he is good on taxes, subsidies, and opposing crony capitalism. He is a strong supporter of the 2nd Amendment. He joined fellow tea party star Ted Cruz in opposing the Rubio immigration plan. Does Paul have flaws? Of course. But he is firmly entrenched on the liberty and freedom side of the GOP, perhaps more-so than any other potential candidate. Electability Which brings us to the most important question: is Rand Paul electable? While Paul became a viable US Senate candidate mostly because of who is father was, he is in many ways very different than his father. His father was never taken seriously by most observers. Whether it was his larger-than-reality personality or some of the positions he took (and the way he explained them), Ron Paul was just never a mainstream kind of candidate. Rand Paul is different on many levels. Paul is more measured in his approach. He is naturally gifted in debating points that most conservatives wouldnt touch. He knows how to pick his battles and knows how to not step into a trap. As a politician, Rand Paul is proving to be vastly superior to his father. His appeal can also be broad. He is now a grassroots conservative favorite, though he lost the battle of outsider to both Donald Trump and Ted Cruz in 2016. He has had some trouble convincing the more interventionist crowd on his foreign policy, and would need to work on that portion of his platform before launching another bid. His argument does have some appeal: We are tired of funding nations run by people who hate us; We are tired of arming rebels who wind up being more extreme than the people we wanted overthrown, and then get attacked with our own weapons. Obama ran on change in foreign policy and has been no less interventionist or check-write happy than any of his predecessors. Rand Paul needs to find the right balance on foreign policy that both adheres to his beliefs and exhibits strength and resolve when necessary. Then there is the youth factor. In 2012, Mitt Romney won with people over 30, but overwhelmingly lost the 29-and-under crowd. While Ron Paul did not have broad support, he did have a lot of support with younger people. Rand Paul has positioned himself against both the Obama Administration and entrenched Republicans like John McCain on the governments US citizen data-mining programs. Paul even threatened a class-action lawsuit with the American people over that surveillance. His libertarian and hands off view of government can actually appeal to the age brackets that overwhelmingly supported Obama, and who have gradually become disenchanted with the direction he has taken. Rand Pauls electability is enhanced because he might have the best chance of persuading the age bracket the GOP does worst with.

Health and Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Health and Aging - Essay Example Institutional discrimination is when policies are implemented that go against ethnic minorities. Hence, these people have a low standard of living and lead unhealthy lives. However the health effects of discrimination may vary from person to person. A person’s age, sex and social position may influence how discrimination will affect them.Studies prove that reporting and challenging racism results in lower blood pressure when compared to bearing it. There is no concrete evidence that establish the fact that racism may have serious health effects. This article will investigate the relationship between health and racism. The sample of the study included 5196 people of Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Chinese origin and 2867 whites who were selected using stratified random sampling. These people were interviewed in full detail. They were given a questionnaire which had questions regarding their health and any interpersonal discrimination experiences that they had. The questions included if they thought that they would be denied a job by a British employer because of their ethnic background. Their own health was self assessed by them. 12 percent of the participants reported verbal abuse in the past year. 64 percent thought that a British employer would refuse a job because of their ethnic background while 37 percent thought that a British employer would do so at least half the time. Participants who reported verbal abuse were 50 percent more likely to report their health as fair or poor as compared to those who were not abused. While respondents who thought that a British employer would refuse a job because of his ethnic background were 40 percent more likely to report fair or poor health. Females were 60 percent more likely to report bad health compared to males. The findings suggest that experience and perception of interpersonal

Strategic Management and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Management and Leadership - Essay Example It generally involves an organization’s objectives, mission, and vision. Strategic management is a fragmentary process that controls and evaluates the business and industries in which the organization is involved (Koteen, 1997). Moreover, it assesses the strategy of the competitors in order to set the goals and objectives. On the other hand, strategic leadership offers vision and direction for the success and growth of an organization. In order to deal successfully with the change, each and every executive need the strategic tools and skills for both strategy implementation and strategy formulation. For the purpose of the study Sony Corporation has been selected. The study will explain and discuss the strategic reasons behind the success story of Sony Corporation. Sony Corporation is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is one of the leading manufacturer and supplier of electronic products for the professional and consumer market globally. Son y Corporation is a leading and successful business unit. It is the parent company of Sony Group (Chang, 2011). The organization is engaged in business practices through four operating segments, such as Electronics, Music, Motion Pictures and Financial Services. However, in order to achieve the objective of the study, key reasons behind the success of Sony Corporation have been highlighted. ... The organization has able to fulfill the narrow demand of modern people. The success of Sony Corporation can be measured through the introduction of a new innovative product and technology within the particular products (Trott, 2008). The product fame and achievements of Sony Corporation can be measured and estimated from the survey reports that are being extracted by the media houses. Sony Corporation has been ranked top 10 in the list of top 20 global brands. The relocation of electronic services has significantly raised the market of Sony Corporation by implementing its innovative strategies in business practices considering the global business area. People have also felt that the price range of Sony Corporation’s basic product is very much reasonable and the products are superior in quality. Several innovative electronic goods, such as Laptops, Mobiles, Walk-mans, TVs and many more are the successful products of Sony (Muhlbacher, Lehis and Dahringer, 2006). The quality of the products that are being manufactured by Sony Corporation is getting better and better in every year. More significantly, the innovative and creative product attributes of Sony is creating a huge brand awareness and large customer base in the global market place. Sony is one of the leading brands within this kind of product segment. As the price of the products is reasonable and the services are adequate enough, therefore, Sony Corporation gave the impression to retain its existing customers and acquire new upcoming potential customers with it. It helped the organization to maximize its business profit and stabilize the revenue of the organization. The corporation is implementing several new product and

1. Will Social Media Democratize the Arab World What role if any do Essay

1. Will Social Media Democratize the Arab World What role if any do social media play in the current social unrest in many Arab countries - Essay Example Internet has created an outlet where the young people can interact and even organize themselves around a specific cause (Ghannam 14). Besides it is easier for the dissenting groups and organizations to target the young people via internet (Ghannam 15). Internet has broadened the horizons of the Arab youth that was till now methodically managed and constrained by the more co-opted traditional media. Internet has created a space where dissent can get registered without invoking a direct threat. 3. The US indeed supports the Arab social media in the sense that it extensively politicizes the digital activism in the Arab world, thereby bolstering the zeal of the political activists, without making way for the commensurate safety measures and provisions (Ghannam 18). Though the US professes the internet freedom to be central to its foreign policy, the entire initiative appears to be a sham and double faced in the sense that the US in no way intends to destabilize the political status quo in the friendly Arab dictatorships and monarchies (Ghannam 18). 4. The social media is still at a very nascent stage in the Arab world. However, in a long term context, the social media could be positively expected to have a significant and discernible impact on the masses in the Arab world. Social media has not only increased the magnitude and frequency of people’s access to the divergent view points and possibilities, it has also changed the form and manner in which the people engage with these view points (Ghannam 23). Though social media on its own could not be expected to bring out an immediate political change, it will certainly make way for the emergence of a popular mindset and the requisite institutions, which will facilitate political change in the long run. 5. The internet in the Arab world is indeed acting as a catalyst of change in the sense that it has extended a space to the voices and agents of change, where they can express

Gustave Flaubert and Madame Bovary Essay Example for Free

Gustave Flaubert and Madame Bovary Essay Madame Bovary consists of a Realist critique of Romanticism with Emma Bovary portrayed as the emotionally overwrought romantic who destroys herself and others in her attempts to fulfill her unrealistic dreams. For writing about such a horrible woman Gustave Flaubert, the author, was charged with corrupting the morals of French society. He was acquitted of the charge at a public trial. The major characters of the novel include Emma Bovary, the title character and the villain who brings ruin to herself and others in her efforts to realize her romantic illusions; Charles Bovary, a mediocre country doctor who is lackluster at best but deeply in love with his wife Emma; Leon, a law clerk who is a fellow romantic to Emma with whom he eventually has an affair; Rodolphe, a â€Å"gentleman† landowner and womanizer with whom Emma has an affair; and Lheureux, a merchant and money-lender. Lheureux in French means the happy, and this character becomes happy by preying upon Emma as she attempts to buy the reality of her dreams. Selections, Summaries, and Commentary We meet Charles Bovary who struggled in school to become a doctor. He assumed a practice at Tostes, France, and married. But his wife died. One evening, Charles was summoned to a farm to set a broken leg. Here Charles made the acquaintance of Emma Rouault, the daughter of the patient. Charles, at the invitation of Mr. Rouault, ate breakfast with Emma; and, among other things, they talked of Emma’s dislike for the country. They had closer contact when both of them reached for Charles’ riding crop after it had fallen to the floor. â€Å"Instead of returning to [the farm] in three days as he had promised, he [Charles] went back the very next day, then regularly twice a week†¦. † Though Charles never had the nerve to ask Mr. Roualt for the hand of his daughter, Roualt figured things out, and the marriage was contracted. â€Å"Emma anted a midnight wedding with torches, but old Rouault could not understand such an idea. † It was a country wedding. They walked a mile and a half to and from the church, Emma’s dress trailing on the ground and gathering grass and thistles. After the ceremony, the guests ate until night. â€Å"Charles, who was anything but quick-witted, did not shine at the wedding. † Two days after the wedding, Charles and Emma left for Tostes. Charles now â€Å"had for life this beautiful woman whom he adored. For him the universe did not extend beyond the silky circumference of her petticoat. For Emma, on the other hand, things were different, â€Å"Before [her marriage to Charles] she thought herself in love; but since the happiness that should have followed failed to come, she must, she thought, have been mistaken. And Emma tried to find out what one meant exactly in life by the words bliss, passion, ecstasy, that had seemed to her so beautiful in books. † Emma, we learn, had been fed a steady diet of romanticism at the convent where she was placed at age thirteen. â€Å"Accustomed to the quieter aspects of life [in the country], she turned instead to its tumultuous parts. She loved the sea only for the sake of its storms, and the green only when it was scattered among ruins. † She found herself attracted to the mystical aspects of the religious life. An old maid at the convent kept the girls dreaming. She [the old maid] knew by heart the love-songs of the last century, and sang them in a low voice as she stitched away. She told stories, gave them news, ran their errands in the town, and on the sly lent the big girls some of the novels, that she always carried in the pockets of her apron, and of which the lady herself swallowed long chapters in the intervals of her work. They were all about love, lovers, sweethearts, persecuted ladies fainting in lonely pavilions, postilions killed at every relay, horses ridden to death on every page, somber forests, heart-aches, vows, sobs, tears and kisses, little boatrides by moonlight, nightingales in shady groves, gentlemen brave as lions, gentle as lambs, virtuous as no one ever was, always well dressed, and weeping like fountains. Girls at the convent hid keepsakes with engravings. Here [on the engravings] behind the balustrade of a balcony was a young man in a short cloak, holding in his arms a young girl in a white dress who was wearing an alms-bag at her belt; or there were nameless portraits of English ladies with fair curls, who looked at you from under their round straw hats with their large clear eyes. † After Emma returned home to the farm, she became disgusted with the country. When Charles came to call on her father, she saw Charles as her knight in shinning armor, come to rescue the damsel in distress. Something â€Å"sufficed to make her believe that she at last felt that wondrous passion which, till then, like a great bird with rose-coloured wings, hung in the splendor of poetic skies, and now she could not think that the calm in which she lived was the happiness of her dreams. † Emma is a victim of the mass media, dying because she read the escapist, romantic fantasies and mistook them for reality. She wondered, â€Å"Why could not she lean over balconies in Swiss chalets, or enshrine her melancholy in a Scotch cottage, with a husband dressed in a black velvet coat with long tails, and thin shoes a pointed hat and frills? Charles talk, in contrast, was dull. He provoked no emotions in her but disgust; he had no desire to do or see anything. Charles’s conversation was commonplace as a street pavement, and every one’s ideas trooped through it in their everyday garb, without exciting emotion, laughter, or thought. He had never had the curiosity, he said, whil e he lived at Rouen, to go to the theatre to see the actors from Paris. He could neither swim, nor fence, nor shoot, and one day he could not explain some term of horsemanship to her that she had come across in a novel. A man, on the contrary, should he not know everything, excel in manifold activities, initiate you into the energies of passion, the refinements of life, all mysteries? But this one taught nothing, knew nothing, wished nothing. He thought her happy; and she resented this easy calm, this serene heaviness, the happiness she gave him. Flaubert writes that â€Å"ennui, the silent spider, was weaving its web in the darkness, in every corner of her heart. † But after a few months, Emma and Charles were invited to the Vaubyessard estate by the Marquis d’Andervilliers (â€Å"Another Village†). Charles had cured the Marquis from an abscess in the mouth, and the Marquis had requested some offshoots of the cherry trees that were in the Bovary’s little garden. When the Marquis came to thank Charles personally, he saw Emma. He thought her pretty and sophisticated enough to invite to the chateau. Charles and Emma arrived at nightfall along with many others. An elaborate dinner was served, and they prepared for the ball. When Charles intimated that he would dance, Emma replied, â€Å"Why, you must be mad! They would make fun of you; stay in your place, as it becomes a doctor. And when he kissed her on her shoulder, â€Å"’Don’t touch me! ’ she cried; ‘I’ll be all rumpled. ’† The dancing began, and when the atmosphere grew warm and heavy, a servant broke out the window panes. Through the windows Emma â€Å"saw in the garden the faces of peasants pressed against the window looking in at them. † She was reminded of her own heritage, the days of the farm, but â€Å"the splendor of the present hour† made her almost doubt she had ever been there. Supper was served, and at three o’clock the cotillion (more dancing) began. Emma danced with a Viscount, and proved to be a highly courted partner. Charles, in the meantime, had spent five consecutive hours watching people at the card tables â€Å"without understanding anything about it. † Lunch was served the following day, and then Charles and Emma left for Tostes. Emma believed the life of Vaubyessard to be the kind of life she wanted and deserved, and her immediate surroundings grew even more dreary. â€Å"She longed to travel or to go back to her convent. She wanted to die, but she also wanted to live in Paris. † She became increasingly irritated with Charles and her surroundings to the point of becoming ill. She suffered from heart palpitations, and she exhibited altered states of hyperactivity and torpor. She constantly complained about Tostes, and Charles thought that perhaps her illness was due to the town itself. From that thought on, â€Å"Emma drank vinegar to lose weight, contracted a sharp little cough, and lost all appetite. † The Bovarys moved to a new town, Yonville (â€Å"yonder village†), a small market town some twenty miles from Rouen. Here the Bovarys had a daughter, whom Emma names Berthe, after a young lady she had encountered at Vaubyessard, and the Bovarys sent Berthe to be nursed by a carpenter’s wife. Emma was not a very good mother. She really wanted a son who would be free to â€Å"explore all passions and all countries, overcome obstacles, taste of the most distant pleasures. † She did not care for the realities of motherhood. On one occasion, after returning home, Berthe approached Emma. â€Å"‘Leave me alone,’ repeated the young woman quite angrily. Her expression frightened the child, who began to scream. ‘Will you leave me alone? ’ she said, forcing her away with her elbow. Berthe fell at the foot of the chest of drawers against the brass handle; she cut her cheek, blood appeared. Emma then felt sorry for her treatment of the child. The Bovarys met Leon Dupuis, a clerk for the town notary. Leon and Emma were fellow romantics. They spoke of their desire for change as opposed to routine. They talked about their desire for walking in the country, witnessing sunsets, visiting seashores, mountains, lakes, waterfalls. They related their love for music and reading by the fire. The two of them fell in love with one another, but did not yet allow themselves to express their love. â€Å"Weary of loving without success,† Leon eventually left for Paris to pursue a law degree. Emma became unhappy and ill again. A â€Å"gentleman† named Rodolphe Boulanger brought one of his workers, who wanted to be bled, to see Dr. Bovary. Rodolphe had just acquired an estate that consisted of a chateau and two farms that Rodolphe cultivated himself, â€Å"without, however, taking too many pains. † Rodolphe â€Å"lived as a bachelor, and was supposed to have† a sizeable income. When Emma was called to assist in the bleeding, Rodolphe became infatuated with her beauty. But he only desired her as a mistress. Flaubert described Rodolphe as â€Å"having had much experience with women and being something of a connoisseur. † Rodolphe thought to himself, â€Å"Three gallant words and she’d adore me, I’m sure of it. She’d be tender, charming. Yes; but how to get rid of her afterwards. † His present mistress, an actress in Rouen, was beginning to bore him. During an Agricultural Fair, Emma and Rodolphe strolled around, arm in arm, eventually ascending to â€Å"the council room† on the first floor of the townhall. The room was empty, and Rodolphe suggested they could enjoy the show there more comfortably. Flaubert showed his appreciation of irony when, in the background, he awarded the first prize for manure at the same time Rodolphe told Emma, â€Å"A hundred times I tried to leave; yet I followed you and stayed†¦. As I would stay to-night, to-morrow, all other days, all my life! † Also, as Emma and Rodolphe gazed at each other, â€Å"as their desire increased, their dry lips trembled and languidly, effortlessly, their fingers intertwined,† a prize was awarded to an old peasant woman for fifty-four years of faithful service at one farm. Emma was susceptible to Rodolphe’s charms. After some six weeks, a time chosen by Rodolphe for the purpose of not appearing too eager, he visited Emma. He knew just how to play her. When Charles returned home, Rodolphe suggested that riding might be good for Madame Bovary’s health. Charles thought it a good idea. At first, Emma objected, but Charles talked her into it. She and Rodolphe rode and walked. Sometime into their first outing, Emma â€Å"abandoned herself to him. † Charles bought her a horse. Emma and Rodolphe rode regularly, and they began exchanging letters, placing them in the cracks of a wall located near the river at the end of the garden attached to the Bovary home. If Charles left early enough, she would sneak off, on foot, to see Rodolphe at his estate and return to Yonville before anyone awoke. She would cry when she had to leave Rodolphe, and her farewells would go on forever. Rodolphe suggested her visits were too dangerous; she was compromising herself. So, Rodolphe began coming to the garden at night, throwing sand against the shutters, and Emma would sneak out after Charles had retired. Six months passed. Rodolphe became increasingly indifferent, and Emma became uncertain herself. One day, news of a new surgical procedure for curing clubfoot reached the apothecary at Rouen. Emma, who wanted more fame and excitement for her husband, and the apothecary, who wanted fame for himself, urged an unwilling Charles to carry out the new operation on a crippled servant at the inn. The servant was pressured and finally consented after the operation was offered to him at no charge. At first, the operation appeared successful, and Emma was delighted with Charles and his prospects. But the device in which they strapped the servant’s foot caused swelling. In response, the device was tightened even further, and gangrene set in. A surgeon was called in for consultation. He laughed and scolded Charles. The surgeon had to amputate the servant’s leg to the thigh. Emma was no longer delighted. â€Å"Everything in him [Charles] irritated her now; his face, his dress, all the things he did not say, his whole person, in short, his existence. † The disastrous operation was further proof of Charles stupidity and incompetence, and Emma turned to Rodolphe to fulfill her dreams. She sent Rodolphe love notes, and the two of them made plans to leave for Italy. Emma was apparently willing to leave without Berthe. When she firsts suggested the idea of leaving, Rodolphe asked about the fate of Berthe. Then, Emma, who had obviously not thought of Berthe before, said they would take Berthe with them. But no further mention of Berthe was made in their succeeding plans, and Emma rarely gave Berthe any attention. Rodolphe, who had no real intentions of running off with Emma, postponed the departure on several occasions, and then they set a specific date. On the day of their departure, however, Rodophe sent a letter to Emma through a servant. In the letter he ended the affair and announced that he was leaving without her. He had his servant echo his plans to depart, but he was not actually planning to go anywhere. Though, later in the day, he did decide to go to Rouen. Emma saw him leaving as he passed by the Bovary home. She was devastated and became ill. Charles stayed by her side for forty-three days, neglecting his own affairs. Charles thought the theatre may be good medicine, and so he and Emma went to Rouen to see an opera. The whole experience began to reawaken Emma’s romantic being. After the second act, Charles went to get Emma something to drink and ran into Leon. As the third act began, the three of them left to talk elsewhere. Leon, as it turns out, after his schooling in Paris, had come to Rouen to work as a clerk. Because the three old acquaintances talked through the opera, Emma did not get to see the third act; and since Emma now seemed energized, Charles suggested that she stay the night and see the third act the next day. Charles, however, must return home. Emma stayed, and she and Leon began an affair. As Flaubert wrote it, Emma and Leon apparently consummate their feelings for one another during a long carriage ride through Rouen. When she returned to Yonville, she was informed that Charles’ father has died. Emma was by this time substantially indebted to a shopkeeper and moneylender by the name of Lheureux (â€Å"the happy,† as in the seller of happiness), and he suggested that Emma obtain the power of attorney over Charles’ father’s estate. She manipulated Charles into giving her this power of attorney, and she even earned his gratitude for going to Rouen to have Leon look over the legal papers. Emma’s stay in Rouen lasted three days, after which Leon came to Yonville at times and sent Emma secret letters. Emma then began to make weekly trips to Rouen under the pretense of taking piano lessons. She manipulated Charles into asking her to refresh her skills in this area. She and Leon would stay in a hotel, and she was running up all kinds of debts with Lheureux, spending freely on her trips to Rouen and satisfying all of her whims. Lheureux lent her money on the value of Charles’ father’s estate. Charles was unaware of her spending and her adultery. Leon and she began seeing each other more frequently. She began billing Charles’ patients herself, without his knowledge, and selling things in order to pay on her bills. She gave Berthe no attention. Finally, someone wrote Leon’s mother, telling her that Leon was ruining himself with a married woman. Leon’s mother wrote her son’s employer who then indicated to Leon how important it was to break off the affair. Leon wanted to end it, but he was in love. Eventually Emma’s unpaid bills ran long overdue, and her creditors obtained a judgment against her. On her return from a visit to Rouen, the maid showed her a judgment that commanded her â€Å"by power of the king† to pay the sum of eight thousand francs. She went to Lheureux, who by this time had sold the debt at a discount to a banker at Rouen. Emma tried to talk Lheureux out of the judgment. She â€Å"even pressed her pretty white and slender hand against the shopkeeper’s knee,† but Lheureux would have none of that. She owed a vast sum of money, and the sheriffs officers arrived to confiscate the family property. Emma tried frantically to raise the money. She went to Leon at Rouen and urged him to borrow the money for her, and she even suggested that he steal the money from his office. Leon tried to borrow the money from lenders, but to no avail. On the next morning, people gathering in the market read a notice indicating that the Bovarys’ furniture was for sale. Madame Bovary went to see the town notary. The notary was in business with Lheureux and, so, knew all about Emma’s plight. But he listened as she told him all about it. He then made it clear, in a not so subtle manner, that he would expect a sexual relationship if he were to lend her the money she needed. Emma appeared insulted by his forwardness, shouted that she was not for sale, and left in a fury. She was surely not opposed to exchanging herself for money, but the notary was too crass and straightforward about it. Had he concealed it in more romantic language, she probably would have consented. Later, as Flaubert wrote, â€Å"perhaps she began to repent now that she had not yielded to the notary. † At last, when she heard the sound of Charles coming home, she went to the town’s tax collector and offered herself to him in return for the money. He was offended by Emma’s advances. While Emma was running around, thinking about how to get the money, Charles learned of his family’s financial ruin. Emma, at least, turned to Rodolphe. But even though it seemed the two of them could once again become lovers, Rodolphe was either unwilling or unable to help. Out of shame and despair, Emma poisoned herself with arsenic she obtained from the pharmacy through an unwitting assistant. She hoped to make her death short and sweet. She said, â€Å"Ah! It is but a little thing, death! â€Å"I shall fall asleep and all will be over. † But she suffered long and horribly with vomiting, sweating, pain, moaning, and convulsions. Charles, unable and in no shape to help his wife, called in another doctor, but to no avail. â€Å"A final spasm threw her back upon the mattress,† and she died. Charles appears to be the true hero of the novel. He genuinely loved Emma, would have done anything for her, offered her a decent li fe, was a good husband, a good provider and a good father. But, he was a real human being with real human characteristics and flaws. At the end of the novel, however, Charles becomes a genuine romantic, engulfed by authentic and understandable emotions. Charles decided in favor of a mausoleum for Emma’s tomb, and he wrote the following instructions: â€Å"I wish her to be buried in her wedding dress, with white shoes, and a wreath. Her hair is to be spread out over her shoulders. Three coffins, one oak, one mahogany, one of lead. Let no one try to overrule me; I shall have the strength to resist him. She is to be covered with a large piece of green velvet. This is my wish; see that it is done. The pharmacist and the priest, we are told, â€Å"were much taken aback by Bovary’s romantic ideas. † Charles’ mother shared their view. But Charles now had become a romantic just like Emma, emotionally overwrought with the death of this woman he so dearly loved, refusing to sell any of her possessions to satisfy her debts. Flaubert writes of Charles, â€Å"He was a changed man. † â€Å"To please her, as if she were still living, he adopted her taste, her ideas; he bought patent leather boots and took to wearing white cravats. He waxed his moustache and, just like her, signed promissory notes. She corrupted him from beyond the grave. Soon, though, Charles discovered the love letters from Leon and Rodolphe hidden in a secret drawer of Emma’s desk; and, shortly thereafter, Charles died of love sickness. A surgeon â€Å"performed an autopsy, but found nothing. † All of Charles’ belongings were sold to satisfy debts, and there remains just enough to send Berthe off to her grandmother. But the grandmother died the same year, and Berthe fell under the care of a poor aunt who sent her â€Å"to a cottom-mill to earn a living. †