Native American Sports Essay example - 1837 Words

Native Americans are known for many different qualities they had as a part of their lifestyle. The games and sports they created to play that are now used in today’s society, lacrosse being the most famous. Some of the games played in the early times are either drastically changed or no longer played. There are many different Native American tribes that factor out cultural differences and depending on the tribe, the lifestyle qualities such as sports, games, and rituals differentiate between one another. All games varied depending upon the tribal culture. Most matches were set up to play tribe versus tribe and other matches were played where villages of the same tribe challenged other villages. There were three groups of Indians that†¦show more content†¦This group of Indians did not have any certain tribes to make up their big tribe. They all just went by the name of Iroquoian Indians. Like the other groups, this one played themselves. It is known that the Iroquoian Indians played village versus village because they didn’t have so many different tribes of Indians. All of these groups of Indians were famous for the sport Lacrosse (Thomas Vennum Jr.). The sport that Native Americans are most famous for is Lacrosse. It was widely, and still is, commonly known throughout the Americas. While mostly found played near the Atlantic Seaboard and around the Great Lakes area, it was also played in the South, on the grasslands and plains in California, and in the Pacific Northwest. There were three different forms of Lacrosse based on the equipment that was used, the type of goal used, and stick handling techniques. These different forms could be found throughout many different tribes and tribal groups. The materials used in this sport were curved rackets, one ball, goal posts, and the players. The ball was generally made of either wood or buckskin. The rackets had a net on the end to hold the ball in place when running to score at the end of the field. Hundreds of players participated in this sport and often prizes were given out to the winners. â€Å"J.G Kohl declared Lacrosse to be the finest and grandest sport of all† (Native Ame rican Sports 1800-1860). Other forms of Lacrosse include ShinnyShow MoreRelatedSports Teams With Native American Mascots1667 Words   |  7 PagesWell Known Sports Teams with Native American Mascots Have you thought about the name or mascot of your favorite sports team like the Chicago Blackhawks, the Washington Redskins, or even a college team like Florida State Seminoles? These teams and more have been accused of being racist towards Native Americans and their culture. However, many teams do not intentionally use their mascots to discriminate against Natives. Instead, they represent Native American Tribes and use names to respect the historyRead MoreProfessional Sports Teams : Native American Mascots1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe Native American people have been apart of America ever since the â€Å"white man† came over from Europe. There traditions have been around for as long as they have been alive. They were the first people on the land we call home today. The Native American people have done more for this land than we have and we do not appreciate them at all for that. It is crazy how some people just blow them off like they are less than us and do not get anything special, but they do not also need to be disrespectedRead MoreEssay on Sports Mascots Honor the Native American Indian1796 Words   |  8 Pagesacross the eastern seaboard, sports fans were tasting success - while American Indians were in an uproar.   This year witnessed the peak of the protests over the use of mascots with American Indian themes.   With two of the major professional sports teams in question making front-page news across the country, many of us heard American Indians complaints for the first time.   Suddenly, thanks to the cries of thousands of demonstrators, the names of many Americans favorite teams had become synonymousRead MoreUse of Racist Native American Mascots in Professional Sports Essay examples798 Words   |  4 Pageslooked up at Mikes hat. The Cleveland Indian logo goofily stared down at me. The mascot of the Cleveland perpetuates a stereotypical image of Native Americans as a savage being tamed by settlers. Baseball, an American institution, is guilty of disgusting racism. This blatantly racist symbol must strike an angry chord with contemporary Native Americans, whose past overflows with examples of cultural abuse. On the hat of each player, an Indian with swollen red face and stupid slaphappy grin appearsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Atlanta Braves Game Knows What It1329 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement. What some may not realize is that they are a part of an American movement that turns a blind eye to hostility and racial abuse towards Natives. This movement takes Native Americans and dresses them up in feathers and beads, braids their hair and smears warpaint on their faces and then parades them around during football or baseball games, calling them names like ‘redskins’, ‘savages’ and ‘braves’. Some may say that this honors Natives , that to stereotype against a race of people based on theirRead MoreBaseball, Hockey, And Soccer1508 Words   |  7 Pagesof these sports are American past times. Most have their favorite teams in which they follow and some even tail gate at their games. Then you also have your die-hard fans who get dressed up in the team colors and according to team name or mascot. In some cases like that of Red skin fans that sometimes include fans appropriating Native Americans by wearing red face paint, head dresses, and war paint. In recent years the Red Skins and other sports teams have received back lash from the Native AmericanRead MoreNative American Controversy Essays837 Words   |  4 PagesNative American Controversy â€Å"People ask me why I don’t just let this go. It’s all in the past, they say. I tell them that there is no past tense in the Cheyenne language. The past is not gone. As I stand here before you, all of my ancestors stand with me.† ...Suzan Shown Harjo This controversy of using Native American mascots has been origins that are engrained deeply into Indian and Non-Indian relationsRead MoreThe use of Native Americans as mascots or team names has developed an issue that has been drawing600 Words   |  3 PagesThe use of Native Americans as mascots or team names has developed an issue that has been drawing controversy in today’s society. The question that must be asked then is: Why do we as a society quietly permit such disrespectful and hurtful conduct towards Native Americans continue, without taking any affirmative action to restrict it? Having people who run around in war paint and headdresses whooping it up at the sport games doesn’t honor anyone’s culture. It just praises racism and encourages peopleRead MoreMascots : An Honor Or An Insult?1352 Words   |  6 PagesMascots: An honor or an insult? The idea of using Native American names and images in sports has been a topic of public controversy in the United States since the 1960’s. Sports mascots that continue to promote racial, cultural, or bias slurs should be changed so that racial discrimination can be stopped and everyone can be treated equally/fairly. In today’s society, there is no room for racism or stereotypes especially in sports; an activity that is supposed to bring people together to supportRead MoreThe Chicago Blackhawks, Washington Redskins, Cleveland1379 Words   |  6 PagesIndians, Kansas City Chiefs, and Atlanta Braves are all professional sport teams in America that use Native American culture to represent them through the means of tribe names, logos, and mascots. These teams have received a lot of media attention around the debate on if the representation of Native Americans is offensive or not. Controversy surrounding Native American mascots first came into the public eye during the 1960s Native American Civil Rights movement, where the use of these mascots was criticized

Ethics of Offshoring Novo Nordisk Essay - 925 Words

To: Anders Dejgaard From: Jennifer Tsai Subject: Ethics of offshoring Date: 05/23/2011 Critical issued of the appropriateness of conducting clinical trials in emerging countries has arisen over years. Being a leading company in biopharmaceutical industry, Novo Nordisk faces the critiques of whether it is justice to offshoring their clinical trials in developing economies. With the consistency of ethical principles brought up by Novo Nordisk, the company would be able to move their trials into emerging economies with the best interest for stakeholders. I will also propose ideas to Mr, Dejgaard for possible approach to media as well as the practices that Novo Nordisk could have changed over time at the end. Conducting Clinical†¦show more content†¦Firms definitely need to incorporate their highest moral standards to build trust and reputation for themselves in order to better off in long run. Novo Nordisk always follows the regulation from Helsinki Declaration with other international ethical guidelines. They made sure that the interest and well-being of the trial subject should always transcend over the interest of science, society and commerce. Decision Principles Even though I think conducting clinical trials in emerging economies is beneficial to the firm, Novo Nordisk should still follow below guidelines for this major decision to protect its own reputation and serve the best interest for every stakeholder: †¢ Execute clinical trials when the internal organization is well established and external environment is proper regulated in emerging countries. †¢ Conduct placebo clinical trials when they are scientifically and ethically justified. †¢ Ensure the human rights of the participants in emerging countries associated with the predictable risks Responses to The Media I understand that Mr. Dejaard holds a high ethical stands, and is not interested in misleading the public or ethical dissembling in the response. It is also important to clear up the actions Novo Nordisk has taken for the past years and give public a clear picture of how the firm is operating. If a journalist is inviting for an interview, Mr. Dejaard should present himselfShow MoreRelatedEthics of Offshoring: Novo Nordisk and Clinical Trials in Emerging Economies1583 Words   |  7 PagesEthics of Offshoring: Novo Nordisk and Clinical Trials In Emerging Economies Offshoring is a highly debatable topic throughout the country and the world. Many people base their opinions on different aspects of offshoring. Some people are against offshoring because they feel as if the working conditions in other countries aren’t up to par and are unethical. Some people are against offshoring because they feel it is taking jobs away from people within their own country. Some people are for offshoring

Prospective Cohort Study Of Industrial Employees

Questions : 1.Provide one paragraph of summary of the study youve chosen and I approved (200 words Max) in your OWN WORDS to show the reader (me) that you have understood the study and you everything about it because you read it few times 2.What is the research question? Provide the full version? 3.Was the study design appropriate and how else can it be done (give details of another alternative design in relation to the same objectives and study settings)? 4.What are the comparison groups in this study?Were they clearly defined?5.Are the study population representative of the general population? Explain your answer.6.What analytical strategy was used to assess results?7.What measure was used to assess the relationship between risk factor and outcome? Where these objective or subjective?8.What are the types of bias that may affect this study? Explain these specifically and in relation to Study population ,Recruitment process ,Measurements used and Follow up issues. 9.How do you think issues (Bias) in the previous question can influence the results (discuss this in details and in relation to the above processes and parameters)?10.Comment on external validity of the results.11.What confounders did the authors adjust for? In your opinion, couldhave there been any other confounders in his study that could have influenced the results (i.e. the association between exposure and outcome? Answers : 1.Work stress has been considered to be causing various degrees of health related problems in several working domains. On the other hand cardiovascular disorders are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The study by Kivimki et al. (2002) aims to evaluate the correlation between wok related stress defined by certain models and cardiovascular mortality. The authors aim to identify different features of a workplace and work organisation that might play an important role in the occurrence of cardiovascular disorders related deaths. The study population was comprised of workers employed for at least 15 months by Valmet factories. The participants were stratified based on age sex and occupational role including mangers, office staff, skilled and semi-skilled workers. A cohort study design was utilised. The components of two different work stress models, the job strain model and the effort reward imbalance model were measured using relevant questionnaire. The cardiovascular mor tality data for each participant was obtained from Statistics Finland national mortality register. Demographic and behavioural factors were measured initially and biological factors were measured both at the beginning of the study and after a five year follow up. The relationship between the work stress variables and the biological factors were assessed statistically. The study found that there was twofold increases risk of cardiovascular mortality rate for workers with high job-strain and effort-reward imbalance, which was consistent with other similar study findings. 2.The research question: To find whether work stress as defined by the job strain as well as effort-reward imbalance model is related to risk of mortality caused due to cardiovascular disease. 3.The study design utilised by Kivimki et al. (2002) is a Cohort study where 812 employees participated (545 men and 267 women). Several personal attributes, demographic data and biological factors related to cardiovascular diseases were measured as baseline variants as well as after a 5 year and 10 year follow up. The cohort study design is appropriate in this case as it can measure the association of the selected risk factors with cardiovascular disease related mortality. However, a control group was not selected which may have influenced the study results. Another study design that could have been adopted for the purpose of this research is a Case-control design. In a case control study design two groups could have been selected, one consisting of people who died from cardiovascular diseases and one with death caused by other causes. The groups have to be adjusted for age, sex and occupational posts. The precepts history could have been studied for prior work related stress during their tenure as employees by examining the work they performed. Conclusions regarding the relationship between work stress and cardiovascular diseases could have been drawn by comparing the study results obtained from the two groups. 4.There was no comparison group designed for this study. Employees that were categorised in the most favourable third of the work stress parameters were considered as a reference group. No separate group without work stress was considered. 5.The study population is only representative of employees from particular manufacturing industries like paper machines, tractors, firearms, gauges and so on. Work related stress was measured for jobs ranging from heavy and precision engineering, clerical and administrative jobs. Hence, the study results are representative to this certain jobs and industry as the work stress risk factor for cardiovascular diseases was measured only for these areas of work. 6.The primary aim was to measure the correlation between age, sex, occupation, smoking status and other biological baseline parameters indicative of cardiovascular diseases such as physical activity, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and body mass index, with mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases. Secondly the association between work stress variables like job strain, effort-reward imbalance and its related components with cardiovascular mortality was measured. Finally, to relate the direct biological parameters to cardiovascular mortality the authors examined the relationship between blood pressure, cholesterol concentration and body mass index with the same. Cox proportional hazard models were used for the initial assessment. Analysis of variance was used for other assessments after adjustments of the baseline values for these factors for the particular study group. SAS 8.12 statistical program package was used for the purpose of the analyses. 7.The risk factors provided in the job strain model and effort-reward imbalance model were measured by self-assessment of the employees using questionnaire. Hence, measurement of risk factors was subjective. However, the classification of cause of death of the participants followed an objective measurement provided by International Classification of Diseases (ICD). 8. Firstly, the study did not have a control group. The resulting scales for the questionnaires that determined the work stress was dived into thirds and the participants reporting to be in the most favourable third was considered to be a reference group. A lack of control group was a bias in regard to study groups. The recruitment process lack any bias as the authors tried to participants from all the occupational levels and the age, gender and employment period related biases were also avoided by adopting efficient recruitment parameters. The measurement of work stress was subjective and hence prevalence of certain bias cannot be ruled out. Although standard assessment scales were utilised a subjective measurement is always prone to bias in any study model. At a follow up study after five years systolic pressure and a serum total cholesterol concentration was measured and at a ten year follow up only body mass index was measured. All the biological parameters that were measured at baseline were not measured at the follow up which is biased from the perspective of efficient results. 9.A lack of control group, subjective stress factors measurements and lack of sufficient measurements can all lead to bias in the study finding by inaccurate association and interpretation of the causes of death. It might have produced false positive observations all elucidated by the findings of the study. 10.The external validity of the results cannot be assured as the study participants were confined in terms of location, work industry and occupation. Hence, the stress factors cannot be extrapolated to other work industries and occupations. 11.Confounding factors like age, sex, occupational group and biological factors were adjusted for cardiovascular mortality rates. However, race and ethnicity and family history on cardiovascular disease were not studied during the research. This can have influence on the genetic predisposition of the participants and hence affect the study results and interpretations. References Kivimki, M., Leino-Arjas, P., Luukkonen, R., Riihimi, H., Vahtera, J., Kirjonen, J. (2002). Work stress and risk of cardiovascular mortality: prospective cohort study of industrial employees.Bmj,325(7369), 857.